Semiconductor is a material that’s not quite a pure conductor (likeĬopper wire) but also not an insulator (like air). Transistors rely on semiconductors to work their magic. A useful mnemonic for remembering which is which is: NPN: Not Pointing i Nīackwards logic, but it works! Transistor Construction The arrow on an NPN points out, and on the PNP it The only difference between an NPN and PNP is the direction of theĪrrow on the emitter. The circuit symbols for both the NPN and PNP BJT are below: On a bi-polar junction transistor (BJT), those pins are labeled collector (C), base (B), and emitter (E). Transistors are fundamentally three-terminal devices. The NPN – it’ll be easier to understand the PNP (or MOSFETS, even) by By narrowing our focus down – getting a solid understanding of We’ll turn our focus even sharper by limiting our early discussion to Transistor types, there are actually two versions of the BJT: NPN and PNP. In this tutorial we’ll focus on the BJT,īecause it’s slightly easier to understand. (BJT) and metal-oxide field-effect (MOSFET). There are two types of basic transistor out there: bi-polar junction Switches – Application circuits showing how transistors are used as electronically controlled switches.Operation Modes – An overview of the four possible operating modes of a transistor.Extending the Water Analogy – Going back to the water analogy to explain how a transistor acts like a valve.Symbols, Pins, and Construction – Explaining the differences between the transistor’s three pins.This tutorial is split into a series of sections, covering: ![]() Into the subject that you’ll understand how a transistor can be used as either a switch or amplifier. ![]() Semiconductor physics or equivalent models, but we’ll get deep enough In quantities of thousands, millions,Īnd even billions, transistors are interconnected and embedded into tinyĬhips to create computer memories, microprocessors, and other complexĪfter reading through this tutorial, we want you to have a broad In small, discrete quantities, transistors can be used to create simple electronic switches, digital logic,Īnd signal amplifying circuits. Transistor around: the bi-polar junction transistor (BJT). In this tutorial we’ll introduce you to the basics of the most common Sometimes you see them, but more-often-than-not they’re hidden deep They’reĬritical as a control source in just about every modern circuit. Transistors make our electronics world go ‘round.
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